It uses digital objects such as holographic projections to provide virtual information in the physical environment, lending immersive realism to users’ experience.
Mixed-reality technology is a further development that combines augmented reality and virtual reality. 2 A drawback of this method is that the viewing angles are confined to only a fixed direction behind the mobile phone lens, which limits enhancement of the operator’s spatial perception and performance. By aiming the camera at corresponding surface landmarks in the patient, the surgeon can “visualize” the internal structures of the head through the phone lens. With the use of smartphone software, a semitransparent 2D CT/MR image or reconstructed model can be overlaid on the live feed from the smartphone camera during the surgical procedure.
Hologram desktop case portable#
To achieve a low-cost, portable approach, researchers have ingeniously adopted the concept of “augmented reality,” in which computer-generated images are superimposed on the user’s view, resulting in a composite view. 1, 9 However, because currently available navigational devices are expensive and large enough to take up valuable space, 1, 6 image-guided methods are not routinely applied to assist in bedside EVD placement. 2 The use of image guidance during EVD insertion has been demonstrated to greatly minimize the number of passes required for successful insertion and improve targeting accuracy.
To address the above-mentioned problems, a precise patient-tailored navigational approach would be very beneficial. In addition, an increased number of catheter passes is associated with a higher risk of complications, including hemorrhage and infection. 6 The need for multiple passes during EVD insertion performed with the blind freehand technique has also been criticized, 1 because each pass leads to greater injury to the already compromised brain. 2 The situation becomes even more challenging in patients with aberrant anatomy due to trauma or underlying pathology. 1, 8, 9 A possible explanation for this inaccuracy is that surgeons using the conventional method for EVD insertion rely to a large degree on personal experience and familiarity with neuroanatomical features, without fully taking into consideration the anatomical variations in individual patients. Although EVD insertion is considered a relatively simple neurosurgical technique, a nearly 50% inaccuracy rate for this procedure has been well documented in the literature. 6, 7 EVD insertion is often the first surgery performed by neurosurgical residents 7 and generally is performed “blind” using a freehand technique based on anatomical surface landmarks. B ecause it is considered a simple procedure, external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is widely used to reduce intracranial hypertension for a variety of clinical indications.
0 kommentar(er)
